Algorithm - a programming technique for gaining a desired result by manipulating
data.
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port: Allows for
acceleration of 3D computer graphics, this means that the graphics are read from
the system ram (memory) by the adapter instead of being processed through the
system processor. Thus speeding up the display of 3D graphics.
B
BIG -Built In Garage. When the "Clone" revolution was at it's peek some computer
companies were housed in the owners garage. A lot of the sole proprietorship
companies (i.e. startup companies) start in garages or spare bedrooms. BIG
Computers.
BIOS - Basic Input Output System the underling program that controls the input
and output of the physical devices connected to the computer. A embedded program
that can not be changed.
Binary - Base two digit numbering system. ( two digits zero and one, off or on,
true or false, Computers use the binary system to manipulate data)
Bit - Basic building block of the computer, one binary digit, one storage
location, can only be zero or one.
Boot - The process of starting up the computer, loading the BIOS, the POST
process, and starting the OS.
Byte - Eight bits, binary number of bits that are the building blocks of
programming for computers. Most computer components are measured in BYTEs, some
confuse the measurement with BITs. Such measurements reduce the measurement by a
factor of EIGHT. KiloBYTE. MegaBYTE, GigaBYTE.
C
Clone - Computers that had the IBM PC style case and a compatible main board and
were cheaper than the IBM PC by thousands of dollars.
CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory, CD's became available for music in the
1980's, early in the 1990's CD ROM Drives became available for the computer
market. Writeable CD's with the correct format can be used in Audio CD players,
or you can store up to 800 meg of data on one disk. Also comes in Re-Writeable
format.
CPU - Central Processing Unit or processor - see
processor
D
Deframentation - The process of taking all the parts of a file and writing them
to contagious blocks or sectors of a hard drive.
DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module, 168 or 184 pin memory module
DDR - Double Data Rate, 240 pin memory Module
Disk - There are three types of disks, Floppy, Hard, and CD ROM.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disc, same format and size as the CD-ROM with a higher
capacity. Writeable DVD's created on a computer have the capacity to be used in
regular DVD players. Data storage on DVD's can be either 4.7 Gig or 8.4 Gig with
the Dual Layer DVD.
Decimal - Base 10 numeric system, how humans count.
E
EPROM or EEPROM - Electronically Programmable Read Only Memory. Some devices
have a Read Only Memory chip for programming the functions of the device. This
memory is non-volatile, it can not be erased. EPROM's are chips that can be
erased and reprogrammed. EEPROM's can be erased electronically, you system bios
is a EEPROM for example.
ESD - Electro Magnetic Discharge, static electricity that builds up naturally by
movement. Has catastrophic effects on electronic components when discharged.
Grounding will dissipate the static electric with out damage to components.
Encryption - A process that will scramble a word, document, or program.
Making it unreadable by normal processes, such as a word processor or text
editor. Encrypting takes a special program that uses two 'keys' created by the
person requiring the encryption. The 'keys' are called a 'public key' and a
'private key' the strength of the encrypted file or word depends on how 'strong'
the algorithm is that creates the 'key pair'. Once the object. file, word, or
program) is encrypted it can only be decrypted by with the key pair in unison.
F
Floppy Disk - A non-ridged disk made out of very thin Mylar, the term floppy
came from the disks in the early 1970's, these disks were 8 inch in a thin
plastic sleeve, when you picked up one it had a tendency to bend, or flop
around. Newer disks come in a more ridged plastic case but are still bendable to
a certain degree before they break.
Format - Process of setting up a volume to store data, a raw partition needs
markers placed on the physical hard drive platters for programs to store data.
Fragmentation - Fragmentation is defined as
the fragmenting of a file when it is written to a device. This happens on hard
drives when the capacity of the drive does not accommodate the complete file in
contiguous (one after another) blocks.
G
Gig - One billion. (close enough for us, unless you are interested in converting
Hexadecimal to Decimal)
GHz - Gig Hertz the frequency of the clock speed measured in Gigs (hexadecimal)
H
Hard Drive - Term coined back in the 1980's by IBM when they introduced the
first drive that did not have removable media (i.e. a floppy disk). The reason
for the name was the original R&D of the device was code named "Winchester" to
throw off the competition. The platters are ridged and made out of aluminum with
a thin coating of iron metal oxide.
Hertz - The time it takes a certain type of sine ware to complete 360 degrees in
electronic components.
Hex - Base 16 numeric system (Humans use a base ten numeric system to count,
computers use binary to code for programs, it is easier to code if it is
converted from binary to hex).
I
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics. The integration of electronics inside
the body of the drive allows for more control over the capacity of the drive.
Before IDE all controls were on the outside of the drive, thus limiting the
capacity of the format of the platter. When the electronics were moved to
circuit boards inside the drive the capacity has increased by a million fold,
soon more than a billion fold.
J
Jazz Drive - A small high capacity storage device that uses Mylar film disk in a
hard case. Capacity ranges from 2 meg to 2 gig.
K
Kilo - One thousand, (Kilobyte, actually 1024 if converted from Hex or binary to
decimal)
KBS - Kilo Bytes per Second, how fast data is transferred in
kilobytes. Or Kilo
Bits Per Second (multiply by 8 to get Kilo Bytes per Second).
for music in the
1980's, early in the 1990's CD ROM Drives became available for the computer
market. Writeable CD's with the correct format can be used in Audio CD players,
or you can store up to 800 meg of data on one disk. Also comes in Re-Writeable
format.
from the disks in the early 1970's, these disks were 8 inch in a thin
plastic sleeve, when you picked up one it had a tendency to bend, or flop
around. Newer disks come in a more ridged plastic case but are still bendable to
a certain degree before they break.
